Ingredients
Croissant Dough
500 g Bread Flour
15 g Instant yeast, or 30g fresh yeast
12 g Salt
50 g Sugar
100 g Butter, cubed & at room temp
250 g Water at 54ºF / 12ºC*
Butter Slab
250 g European style butter
Egg Wash
50 g Eggs (1)
40 g Egg yolks (2)
Steps
Croissant Dough Matrix
*TTF: Total Temperature Factor (Typo in the video on display as DDT). The TTF was determined by professional bakers to ensure consistent fermentation results no matter the season. It takes into consideration the temperature of the fournil, lab or kitchen, the temperature of the dry ingredients (mainly flour) and the friction factor according to the machine used. Then, the liquid temperature is adjusted in order. Most yeasty dough should end up with an internal temperature of 77ºF/25ºC (DDT: desired dough temperature). This will ensure a proper fermentation process. It could end up being cooler as 72ºF/22ºC and the fermentation will take longer but it is less consequential than getting an internal temperature of 90ºF/30ºC. Indeed, if too warm the fermentation will speed up affecting the final results such as taste and color. At home though, the +6ºC seems to be pretty accurate wether using a stand mixer mixing on medium-high for 7 min or kneading by hand for 10 min.
TTF 56ºC.
Room temperature: 22ºC
+ Ingredients temperature: 22ºC
+ Water temperature: 12ºC
= 56ºC.
Divide this number by 3 and add the friction factor (by hand or mixer): + 6ºC.
22ºC+22ºC+12ºC = 56ºC ÷ 3 = 18.6ºC + 6ºC = 24.5ºC (DDT).
Croissant Dough
European-style butters are favored for their rich taste and saturated yellow hue — a direct result of the higher butterfat content (+82%) and less water. Follow the same protocole wether mixing by hand or using a stand mixer fitted with the hook attachment. Mix flour with sugar, salt and yeast, and add butter. Roughly sand and add water – mix to combine and transfer dough onto a clean work surface. Knead using the palm of your hand and smash dough until it become smoother and elastic; this should take 10 minutes. if using a stand mixer, mix on medium high for about 7 min, or until dough comes out the sides of the bowl. Place dough in a lightly oiled container; not too large but rather twice the size of the dough. Cover and let ferment for 2 hours or until doubled in size. Turn out onto a work surface (no extra flour needed), and deflate dough completely. Fold sides over, and shape into a tight ovale form, flatten and freeze 20 min on each side uncovered or just the top – keep refrigerated until ready to laminate. Meanwhile, leave butter slab out for about 20 min; it should be at the same consistency as the dough; firm but workable.
Butter Slab
Make a 6’’x6’’/15x15cm butter slab between 2 parchment paper sheets and chill. Leave it out 15/20 minutes prior folding.
Folding Process / Laminating
Folding Process / Lamination (Tourage). A double turn and one single turn. Turn air-conditioning on if room temp exceeds 73.5ºF/23ºC. For the double turn (Tour double): Roll out dough into a ≈6x15 inch (14x35cm) rectangle (about twice the size of the butter slab). Place butter covering half of the surface of the dough, and fold over to enclose (do not overlap dough). Seal and roll out into a long and narrow strip ≈6’’x27’’/15x70cm keeping all edges as straight as possible. Begin rolling from the center of the dough towards the edges, and not from one side of the dough all the way to the other side. This technique helps to keep the dough at an even thickness. Always brush out any excess flour before folding. The left edge is folded in to meet the last third on the other side, then the right third is folded in then close like a book. Flatten; wrap up and refrigerate 30 min or for up to an hour to relax.
For the single Turn (Tour simple): Roll out dough (seams set from noon to 6) into a 6’’x27’’/15x70cm rectangle, and fold like a business letter (if the dough resist chill it to rest 15 min more). Wrap up and let rest an hour. Roll dough (seams set from noon to 6) into a 9’’x27’’/23x70cm rectangle. The thickness of croissant dough should end up being around 0.20’’/ 4 to 5mm. Cut out 12 to 14 croissant; save scraps. Arrange croissants onto a frozen baking tray and egg-wash – freeze 4 hours min or overnight (freezer strengthen the gluten improving final results). Croissants can be kept frozen for up to 2 weeks.
Egg Wash
Blend 1 whole egg with 2 yolks and a pinch of salt. Egg wash croissant twice; onced rolled out and after proofing.
Proofing
Space out frozen croissants into 2 large trays and let thaw overnight in the refrigerator; uncovered. Let proof at room temperature for about 2.5 hours or until doubled in size. Carefully egg wash again and bake.
Baking
If using a conventional oven: Preheat oven to 400ºF/200ºC and bake croissants for about 22 minutes. If using a convection oven: Preheat oven to 375ºF/190ºC and bake for about 18 minutes